People like to gamble, and they especially like to think that they might win big. Billboards promoting the size of a lottery jackpot can trigger an inextricable human impulse to buy a ticket. Yet there’s a dark underbelly here, an ugly truth that lotteries dangle the dream of instant wealth in a world with growing inequality and limited social mobility.
The first recorded signs of lottery-style games of chance were keno slips found in Chinese Han dynasty documents from 205 to 187 BC. Similar games of chance were used in ancient Roman Saturnalian feasts, and the Old Testament instructs Moses to divide land among the people by lot.
In the modern era, state lotteries have gained wide popularity and public support. The premise of these games is that you pay a small fee to enter a drawing in which the prizes are the sums left over after all expenses—including profits for the promoter and costs of promotion—and taxes or other revenues have been deducted from the total prize pool. Some states offer a single, large-scale jackpot prize while others have a system of smaller prizes.
Many lotteries earmark a portion of their proceeds for a specific program such as education or health care, but critics argue that the money “saved” by this practice simply reduces appropriations from the general fund, which can be spent on whatever the legislature chooses. As a result, no state has a coherent “lottery policy.” Instead, lottery officials manage an activity that is regulated but not controlled by the government, and their decisions are influenced by an ongoing evolution of the industry with little, if any, overall oversight.